Dollars and Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dollars and Dreams - canvas ExampleThere are still others that see it as a land of waste and consumerism where the copiousness is so overflowing that thither is not enough space to hold all that is produced and thrown away. The integrity that it is a place of hardship where population work hard to barely survive is rarely the ecumenic perception of the the Statesn Dream. The video Dollars and Dreams tungsten Africans in New York (2007) is a documentary that discusses the experience and phenomenon of in-migration from tungsten Africa to the coupled States. The documentary film makers explore the truth of life in New York for those who swallow migrated from West Africa into what they thought would be an easier and more successful life. Through a narrative that includes successful, surviving, and struggling immigrants from West Africa, the film lay downs an alternative perspective on the experience of living in New York and in the coupled States. The producers of the film we re Jeremy Rocklin an Abdel Kader Ouedarogo with Jeremy Rocklin directing and it is distributed by Documentary Educational Resources. One of the first statements make in the film is by Chika Onyeani who is the Publisher and Editor in Chief of The African Sun Times is that there is a perception that in America money grows on trees. CEO of Cape Aloe Ferox Worldwide, Arthur Smith, states in the film that the long horse is almighty and that they think it is easy in America and Zain Abdullah of Temple University reveals that the first surprising thing that immigrants from West Africa experience is that there is poverty in America and that it is not as easy to find wealthiness in the land of opportunity. The concept of opportunity becomes more real in the sense that while there may be opportunity, one has to search and find it (Rocklin & Ouedarogo, 2007). Zain Abdullah continues to discuss the culture of immigrants as they live a life of deception where they struggle by working two or th ree jobs, but thence present their experiences to those back home as fulfilling the expectations that they had when they left their home to travel to the new land. The deception is establish on the perceptions that are promoted in West Africa that there is nothing but riches in the United States and to go to America and struggle would be perceived as a failure. Abdullah states that it is like going into a gold mine and coming out with nothing to show for the effort (Rocklin & Ouedarogo, 2007). Kaira-Murdock (2008) writes that the reason that Jeremy Rocklin an Abdel Kader Ouedarogo decided to create this documentary was to create a more realistic view of New York for West Africans before they made the decision to migrate from their homeland and seek their fortunes. The realities of New York and the rate of poverty, even among the working poor, is something that is not considered when making the decision to move. The film is visually unsettling as the garbage in the street and the una ttended urban backing is contrasted to the affluent speakers who discuss the realities of moving to New York, even though the majority of the initial speakers have distinctly found their own success in this country. The real problem with immigration from other nations is that the image of America is based upon Hollywood idealism that is shown in films. Racism based on blackness is rare in West Africa so the experience of being oppressed comes as a surprise for many of the people who move to New York. Kaira-Murdock (2

Alvin Ailey's Polotics in the Art of Dance Research Paper

Alvin Aileys Polotics in the prowess of Dance - Research Paper ExampleAiley was most popular as one of the first fewer African Americans who dared revolutionize their dance styles, which ultimately led to his contri besidesion to modern American dance. It is in this enjoy though that he was able to subtly express for the first measure his political convictions. At the lift of his success as a choreographer, when he was recognized no longer just for his art but also for how he used it to advance his political cause, Ailey was awarded the Spingarn Medal. Renowned composer-conductor Leonard DePaur, his presentation of the award, mentioned that Ailey would confound and confuse Americas critics by refusing to conform to their pre-conceptions of what a black choreographer must be (NAACP 1977, p. 100). With this distinction, it is clear that Ailey had been able to infuse his politics in the development of his choreography and in the performance of his dance. Through his art, he was abl e to challenge stereotyping that was brought about by racism and bigotry. This paper seeks to explain the bases why Ailey incorporated his political activism into the art form that he specializes in and how this has contributed to Americas struggle against racism. I. ... Aside from the treatment that they receive from the whites because of their race, Ailey and his mother also suffered due to their continuous lack of income. Aileys family was basically working class and his mother picked cotton and occasionally did domestic chores for the much affluent white families (Cardwell 2006, p.38). This childhood of want and inequality had influenced the development of Aileys political views early on. However, it took time before this actually was brought out into the open through his choreography. Prompted by his keen interest in dance, Ailey went to undergo formal training in dance with the tutelage of Lester Horton, who was recognized then as the principal protagonist of the modern da nce in Los Angeles. In the 1940s, it was in Los Angeles and New York only that African Americans could train on board with the whites. It was also during this period that Ailey was able to come across other African America dance artists who clever under Horton. When Horton died though, Ailey took over the company. As a result, he achieved a freer hand in determining the styles and table of contents of every dance production that the company came up with. During these particular times though, it was clear that Ailey was more relate with the rapid development of his artistic talents in dance, as well as the continuous improvement of his professional dancers talents. However, by 1958, when the struggle for the civil rights of African Americans reached its peak, Ailey also began to show his political inclinations. The most fulgurous examples of these are Blue Suite and Revelations, which focused on the experience of African Americans (Foulkes 2002, p. 180). Both dance productions hig hlighted the singularity of the

Key Account Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Key Account Management - crusade Study ExampleBut these are strategies good only during the initial stage. Once positioning is established, on the whole efforts must then be centered at maintaining a course whereby profitability is promising, incidental to an effective reason to improve. This is where Key Account Management or KAM is most useful. Key Accounts are those that provide senior high revenue and critical asset, requiring strong leadership and excellent management skills. KAM is the most practical means of choice in this highly competitive market amidst increasing demand in current economic condition, a way to achieve longevity and create future growth, a way of preserving a good node relationship. This essay emphasizes the Role of Key Account Management, as a tool and process that equips a community in acquiring and retaining large customer revenue fosters symbiotic mutually profitable and sustainable business organisation relations resulting to a win-win situation. In a business that engages i... As such, the goals, missions, value, principles as well as the skills and capabilities congenital among sales personnel should be conveyed properly to every member of the organization. This should be initialized by the company idea who takes responsibility relaying imperative matters to all levels of sales director who receives compensation dependent upon the generated sales profit. In his member Key Account Management Strategy, Jay Dwivedi said that Salespeople learn only the hard way that many oversize companies really give them the business that they deserve based on the effort that they put in. Therefore, it is important to distinctly identify what customers are key to your business and then serving them using a well archetype out plan (Dwivedi, n.d.). A good key accounting system management entails constant check and update in terms of performance at least on a quarterly basis, taking into account the total revenue percentage profits growt h rate of sales in existing carrefour line value of new products/services order size distribution and average and price comparison with other customers in the same category. In his web article, the author furthered the importance of understanding, that while support from the corporeal office is imperative, the actual development of key account management program is the effort originating from the local executives who receipt the overall whereabouts of the market. Since this program is constantly evolving in a manner similar to the rate of improvement of the product, regular feedback from the customers is thus crucial to the alignment of the goals.

Case Study - Culinarian Cookware Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- Culinarian Cookware - Case Study ExampleThe connection has conducted previous expenditure progressions of 20% discount in the socio-economic class 2004 (for CX1 Tyro collection line), in the year 2005 (for CX1, DX1 line) and in the year 2006 (CX1 and DX1 line). Vice President of Marketings View Vice president of commercializeing for the company believes in that respect is no need for adopting toll advance because that can hurt the premium brand image of the company. He took help of research report prepared by consulted to show that price promotion in 2004 force negatively to the profit margin of the company. The company hired external adviser to analyze profitability of 2004 price promotion. The consultant pointed out price promotion has caused of loss of $469, 489 as contribution during 2004 period. Time series synopsis shows that unit sales for DX1 line decreased by 4800 units during price promotion hence external consultant concluded that $99,332 was lost as contribut ion DX1 product line due to brand cannibalization. Taking patronage from above mentioned statistics marketing vice president of the company concluded that price promotion for a whiz product line might increase sales revenue for that particular brand but it would sap the revenue of other brand. Price promotion for a particular product line will march on customers to switch from purchasing other product lines offered by the company in order to purchase discounted products and as a result total revenue earned by Culinarian Cookware would be decreased. Senior gross revenue Managers View Senior sales manager is in support for price promotion and she pointed out that report of external consultant is apocryphal due to following reasons. Sales revenue for beginning quarter of 2004 was 24% low in comparison to sales revenue for the same quarter in 2003 hence due to external reasons. She concluded that company should not blame price promotion all for the low sales volume of second quarte r in 2004 and sales data for the year should be judged by lowering the margin by 24%. Inclusion of elements other than labor and raw secular in variable cost calculation in the report was questioned by her. Cannibalization cost calculation manner was also questioned by her. Industry Trend Research data shows offering gift with purchase is more(prenominal) successful push strategy in comparison to price promotion strategy. Competitors of Culinarian Cookware such as Robusto and Le Gourmand offer gifts with purchase. Multi dimensionality of the condition forced Culinarian Cookware to rethink about implementing price promotion strategy to increase sales revenue. Major marketing challenge for the company is to select a price strategy which can help them achieve sustainable growth in near future. Analysis of the actual Situation Strength Culinarian Cookware sells premium range cookware products and also the market leader with 6.5% market share in the premium product segment. They offe r four product lines complemented with Tyro Collection (CX1), unadulterated Collection (DX1), Advanced Chef collection (SX1) and Professional Grade collection (PROX1). Variety of product line helps the company to cater multidimensionality of customers demand. Sales and distribution channel for the company is

A Beloved Place for the Rest, namely the Forest Essay

A Beloved mail service for the Rest, namely the Forest - Essay ExampleGoing to the forest is one of the best voyages in smell to take. God indeed loves humanity as it manifests through the perfect beauty of the nature surrounding us. I can remember it was a sunny and pleased morning when I decided to take a trip to an outskirt nearby. Half a kilometer away, I could already tell that one blissful reunion would take place later that day. Because I am a forest addict, I had the freshness to go there all by myself. Just comparable what most forest goers encounter, I had my assign of stern tests. Before I could get to the heart of the timberland, I knew, I had to go through somewhat tough challenges.Finally, I arrived at the doorstep of the jungle. The first thing I saw was a cohort of vibrant buds bowing down their heads to welcome me. Although quite silly, I felt I was treated like a royalty. As I hovered above my head, I could see the wild vines meshing up with severally other to form a lovely wild curtain I could also hear the birds chirping tones in mirth. It seemed like they were chanting out in harmony to serenade me. I stared down and saw my welt booths muddled up with some thick mud clinging around them, but I knew the sludge was not going to stay there for long as the spikey fingers of the eyes were ready to wipe them out. When I in the end took several steps inward, it seemed like the time has traveled so fast that day... the surroundings turned sooner gloomy, although everything was still in sight. Different sounds I heard the blabbing voice of the river, the squeaky and tiny sounds of the squirrels, the sound of the place leaves as they were swayed against each other by the wild winds, and some mysterious noises that blended together to do a perfect music something that could not be produced even by the most brilliant platter producers, composers, and singers. But of course it was not a walk-in-the-park trail I also had some of the tenses t feelings I declare ever felt in my life. Who does not get scared by snakes? By scorpions and tarantulas?

Energy conservation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Energy conservation - Term Paper ExampleThe early(a) thing is that the fossil fuels could translate large amounts of force and happen to be easily combustible (Borowitz, 2004). Fossil fuels atomic number 18 portable and become been in use since centuries. Fossil fuels happen to have a high calorific value and do yield large amounts of energy on flame (Borowitz, 2004). That is why they are the most preferred origin of energy on earth. The other good thing about fossil fuels is that being primarily quiet of carbon and hydrogen atoms they are very stable and easy to handle unlike other authors of energy like the nuclear energy (Borowitz, 2004). Fossil fuels are thereby hassle free and risk free. In the contemporary context the fossil fuels happen to be the most affordable and cost effective source of energy (Borowitz, 2004). However, the one big lacuna with fossil fuels is that they trend pollution and global warming. The burning and combustion of the fossil fuels produces gas es like carbon-dioxide, carbon-monoxide and methane that not provided pollute earths atmosphere, but also cause global warming. ... This global warming caused by the burning of fossil fuels gets further augmented by the other polluting human activities like deforestation, which not only denude the earth but also hamper the vivid processes that lead to absorption and assimilation of carbon-dioxide and other green house gases produced by human activities like industrialization, transportation, thermic energy generation, etc (Posner, 2004). Thereby fossil fuels are one major cause of global warming. To understand the curse posed by global warming to earths environment and ecosystems, the thing that needs to be kept in mind is that the life that evolved on the planet earth over millions of years could only thrive and sustain itself in a specific climate and temperature. Till now the earths natural greenhouse effect had kept the temperature on earth ideally suitable for the survival o f the reliant flora and fauna and ecosystems (Posner, 2004). However, with the accelerated greenhouse effect caused by pollution unleashed by the rampant and carry on usage of fossil fuels, the temperatures on earth are gradually augmenting. This is giving way to climate change, which but means that owing to the rising pollution, around the earth the temperatures are raising, sea levels are rising and seasons are shifting (Posner, 2004). The survival of life on earth requires resources like food and water. However, with the augmenting global warming a day whitethorn come when the phenomena like droughts, storms and hurricanes, threatened ecosystems, and changing landscapes caused by global warming may threaten the existence of life on earth. To restrain and slow down the negative

Integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) Essay

Integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) - Essay ExampleAccording to RIB bundle (2009, 1) globalization has brought new players to the table, to negotiate and find ways through which they bedevil to maneuver through Byzantine and increasing demands and projects that make it harder to communicate with partners, vendors and customers. As the financial environment become tougher, there is a occupy to focus on the right projects, control tolls, and make accurate, feasible estimates in projects and manage the projects effectively and efficiently. In short BIM seeks to speed up the estimate time of projects and reuse the estimate selective information, facilitate the budge and cost control and manage cash and improve the firms financial position and make the vanquish use of existing assets in any project. Below is an analysis of the different atomic number 18as where BIM has bee extensively used and with the relate benefits obtained though application of BIM in the construc tion industry. i. Surveyors Bennet (2009, 3) explains that in surveying, BIM is not just a 3D model that is used in design. BIM allows a better visualization of the entire project from different perspectives and employs entropy analysis in predicting the outcome of projects before such a project is put under construction. Surveyors have a role of demarcating the boundaries of a project in either build construction of construction of other(a) infrastructures such as roads. Surveyors as Bennet (2009, 3) explains though the use of BIM can be able to channelise the details of the project as visualized though BIM to make it more feasible. It is through simulation of the projects that surveyors are able to best align the project to the best terrain or topography in the given site of construction. In the traditional methods of using 3D views, the simulation in most cases does not include the level of data analysis and simulation available under BIM. The work of surveyors under BIM has therefore been made more precise, easier and on more reliable data analysis compared to previous approaches in surveying. Iverson et al (2010, 5) explains that BMI is a digital commission of the physical and the functional characteristics of a facility. Therefore, it serves as a shared knowledge base for information concerning a facility that forms a reliable masterpiece for decision making in surveying, and the information is later passed on clearly and well documented to the rest of the project. ii. The architect Currently BIM can be integrated in all the project phases in information management system that covers the briefing stages, designing, specifying and the tendering phases of the project (Cornick 1996, 140). It stores all the information used and processed during this period and is handed over to the client once the project has been terminated. It is therefore a versatile tool that ensures effective management of projects in the construction industry. Panushev & Pollalis (2006, 2815) explains the importance of BIM as improving the proprietor communication, verifying construction drawings and consistency, checking the building constructability, visualizing complex concrete placement in workflow, avoid conflict amidst the structure and mechanical system and establishing a standard modeling knowledge base for use in future projects. Such information may include recipe that hold information on how the building has to be built, the methods which involve separate work activities that would be involved in the course of building, the necessary

Post-Stonewall LGBTQ Civil Rights and Lesbian Feminism (responses) Assignment

Post-St integritywall LGBTQ Civil Rights and Lesbian Feminism (responses) - appellation Examplegard, the topic is properly covered by the writer however, the major issue that arising in congress to his/her presentation is that he/she did not focus on other extra information, but rather centre strictly on answering the three major questions that guided the task.The writer begins properly by providing a intelligence the directly answers question one. He/she goes further provides supportive information regarding the facets of the first question. However, discussions regarding the second and the ternary questions are presented in a vague and a generalized manner, with the writer using only one in-text citation. In addition, he/she goes further and describes the pertinence of the weeks reading towards enhancing his/her understanding of the issues of LBGTQ community. There is also the use of poor language i.e. we realize and lack of adequate referencing. However, the entire presentat ion is quite reserve as it depicts that the writer made an attempt to answer all the research questions, except for the vague discussion of question 2 and

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

pretend Management - Essay Example14,040. b) Total indirect (uninsured) muddled time apoplexy costs = 36*650 = ? 23,400. c) The indirect (uninsured) cost of non lost time accidents =12*630 = ? 7,560. d) The complete costs of injury accidents = 7,560 + ? 23,400 = ? 30,960. e) The cost of injury accidents per employee = 30.960/633 = ? 49. f) The total cost of damage accidents = 2500*85 = ? 212,500. g) The total accident costs for XYZ factory = 7560 + 212,500 + 23,400 =? 243,460. h) The average accident cost = 243,460/3 = ? 81,153. i) The average accident cost per employee = 243,460/633 =? 385. 2. fortune distribution of damage for an airplane Notes It can be observed from the diagram above that the luck of item of damage increases up to a certain maximum value and then falls drastically to zero. The probability of damage can be determined at contrasting damage levels. The mean, median and the 90th centile level of damage can be obtained. The 90th percentile represents the highe st possible damage evaluate. 3. Principles of portfolio theory supportive correlation principle- this principle applies when the investment takes a positive move. For instance, in foreign exchange the upward or downward movement of two or more assets secernatees indicates a positive correlation. Investing in class of items that has high positive correlation helps in reduction of risk. ... To manage risk negative correlation implies that furcate of your investments may retain their value or improve while the rest deteriorates in value. The risk is governable since one investment loses and the other gains. 4. Main elements of indemnity premiums The amount of money paid in an insurance policy (premium) depends on the following elements. 1) In leaned use- the amount of premium paid will vary depending on the use of the commodity insured. For instance, a private car and a public car require different premiums. 2) Mortality charges- Charges use to cover the eventuality on an individ ual. Many companies, belief that young men stir a large number of accidents hence, they charge them high premiums. 3) Saving component- Some of the premium paid is used for reinvestment in order to generate returns which the policy h centenarianer receives in terms of bonuses or maturity amount. 4) geographical localization principle- People who live in densely populated areas that have high traffic density tend to pay higher premiums. In these areas, the incidences of losses are more pronounced. 5. Influences of the following factors on elements of premiums A. The insured expected losses When the level of loss expected is high, then the amount of premium to be paid is alike high. Mortality charges will increase with the age of the insured since the expectation of death is high in old age. B. Potential variation around the insureds expected loss Changes in geographical location and age are associated with increased vulnerability to loss. These changes may imply an increase in pr emium to the insured. C. Risk sharing arrangement between the insured and the insurer. Sharing of risks between the insured and the insurer implies payment

The Discipline of Innovation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Discipline of Innovation - Article manakinThe scope of analysts for these range from a business and technological advancements standpoint, to areas of opportunity focused more on a social or demographic nature. Innovative,astute managers will identify and apply all seven areas of opportunity to the organization,while cosmos able to create an organization culture that values,m aged(prenominal)s and drives functional inspiration, which require a certain take aim of imagination and out of the box thinking associated with the unknown. In society the concept of entrepreneurship is sometimes very narrowly defined. It is usually viewed as as new small businesses or individuals who strive to become one by means of new businesses or ideas. But in a broader sense,any enterprise that creates new products,ideas or processes is in fact an entrepreneur. The seven areas of innovation opportunity are1)Unexpected Occurrences- In businesses just like life are super unpredictable in nature. W hether it is an individual entrepreneur or a business,we must learn to deal with changes and unlooked-for situations with a vision toward exposing and exploiting any new opportunities or systemic improvements that can arise from such situations.2)Incongruities- at that place are count slight industries,jobs,situations and processes where the nature or flow of the work is interrupted or made less efficient because of certain steps or requirements for the successful completion of the project,process or job as whole. Analyzing,assessing and amend the flow or dexterity of any product or process and eliminating this kinks or incongruities is a major(ip) source of meaningful innovation.3)Process improvements- Technological changes bring about numerous opportunities to not only fix old problems in any process or technological endeavor but actively improve the efficiency or effectiveness of any process through innovative and creative use of new technologies.4)Industry and marketplace c hanges-Market conditions is extremely variable

Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Case - Essay Example5. The perplexity of the company used the scientific management in their strategy. They looked at how the result of reducing the production would mend the growth of the company. In so doing they chose a method that could work and enable them make profits.6. The quality stop that the company used is that they satisfy their employees and motivate them nice. This ensured that they work well and produced quality tidys. I believe that this is a good strategy as it ensured that they created quality goods for a long time.7. The forces that are very important in the management of the company are the socio cultural forces and the technological forces. This is because they will keep the company in the direct of the competition if they are looked at keenly.10. The competitive strategy that the company has used is observing the competitors and coming up with a method that is a weakness for their competitions. The weakness of the competitors was besides the strength of the company.11. The key elements that the company spy was working with a target duration, having a measurable and attainable goals and having specific and results oriented objectives. These elements go a long way in ensuring that the company achieves all its goals and objectives.12. One of the cultural variation issues that was once a problem for the company is the need of the manager to reward the workers in any instancing they do a good job. This is because it did non motivate them to work as hard. This is because they knew they could get a reward for putting just enough effort in the work that they did.13. The company was wise to choose the learnedness strategy over the Greenfield. This is because with the acquisition strategy they have assurance that they will use their own strength to grow their company.14. The company did not embrace the technology world and they thus cannot be able to have wider coverage. The company will also experience the problem of the wrong

A Critique of Sir Anthony Hopkins's Oscar winning performance of Essay

A Critique of Sir Anthony Hopkinss Oscar winning perfor partce of Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of The Lambs - Essay manakin3 Hannibal was by all accounts an evil, savage, cannibal and serial killer and yet he became an enthralling, and often compassionate piece.4 The fact that a psychiatrist who put to deaths and then eats his patients could become such a captivating character is puzzling.When Hopkins meets the FBI agent for the first time,I could non help thinking that he while he seemed to be move with her,he had some degree of respect and suspicion in his interaction with her and Hopkins gave these impressions through body language and inflection.At wiz point he winked at her as if to share a private joke and at another(prenominal) point,he smiled at her,giving the impression that he had normal feelings.In my opinion, Hopkins brought a very complex character to life in a realistic and convincing way.Lecter was psychopathic personality evidenced by his superficial charm,ma nipulativeness and lack of compunction of empathy for the victims.For example, when the agent interviewing Lecter mentioned that serial killers usually kept a relic of their victims, Lecter interjected, I didnt in a matter of fact way. ... After all, Lecter was previously envisioned by actor Brian Cross and introduced him to the screen, it was Hopkins Lecter that made the sterling(prenominal) impression and immortalized him.7 Hannibal Lecter was a brutal cannibal and there was nothing sympathetic about the character and it was not intended that Lecter was sympathetic. Lecter is revoltingly evil, a characterization brought chillingly to life for millions by Anthony Hopkins in Silence of the Lamb.8 For example when discussing the murder of a former patient, Lecter denies killing his patient but states without emotion that it was best for him as his therapy was going nowhere anyway. However, Barr explains that Hopkins was brilliant in how he chose to play Lecter.9 Hopkins portrayed an ordinary man who did extraordinary whole kit and boodle and came across as a man you would not run away from if you happened to come across him on the streets. I observed this in his demeanour as he urged the FBI agent in training to video display her credentials and when she did, he urged her to come closer, as if he did not think she should fear a man like him. In other words, Hopkins played Lecter as though, Lecter thought of himself as normal and this brought both philanthropy to the character and made him likable and evil all at the same time. One acting proficiency that Hopkins brought to the character of Lecter was his refusal to judge the character. As Hopkins himself said As an actor, I cant judge because deterrent example judgement gets in the way of the characterization. If you start doing that, you end up playing the character like a zombie or a vauderville villain.10 In other words, Hopkins took and inside-out approach to his portrayal of Lecter. He portrayed the character by

Managing Processes Through Lean Six Sigma And Cost Estimating Methods Research Paper

Managing Processes Through Lean sextette Sigma And address Estimating Methods - Research Paper employmentThis section entrust concern which materials will be used, then detail how to nurse the principles found in the Manufacturing Processes, First-Line Supervision, Computer, satisfyings manipulation & Plant Layout, Quality Control, Production & Inventory Control, Cost Estimating, and Industrial base hit courses that are jussive mood to the success of any form of technology radiation diagram. I will demonstrate how to success soundy and completely design a system, its operational components, and develop appropriate system cost. Then I will demonstrate my full understanding of system operation. First, I will explain The Key Principles of Lean 6 Sigma then plump out on the DMAIC then explain Plant Layout/Material intervention from Cooperating Executives Operations and what that entails Plant Layout and Material Handling from Cooperating Executives Operations How Motorola co nceptualized The Lean 6 Sigma from the origin of a 1986 Business Management Strategy and it should all grow sense. I will compare and contrast the differences along with the similarities between the managing processes through the Lean Six Sigma and Cost Estimating Methods. By fully elaborating on How Motorola conceptualized The Lean Six Sigma from the origin of a 1986 Business Management Strategy, I will demonstrate how I would complete an individual stand out at my small partitioned-off area of a room designated for me to complete my tasks. department 2 Table of Contents Section 1 Abstract earn of Transmittal Section 2 Table of Contents Section 3 Executive Summary Section 4 Body / Narrative Intro The Key Principles of Lean Six Sigma Discussion DMAIC Plant Layout and Material Handling from Cooperating Executives Operations Plant Layout and Material Handling from Cooperating Executives Operations How Motorola conceptualized The Lean Six Sigma from the origin of a 1986 Business M anagement Strategy. finding Recommendations Section 5 Appendix Section 6 Bibliography Section 3 Executive Summary Statement of the Problem Scope of the Investigation Research Methods Key Ideas Used Conclusion Recommendations Section 3 (cont.) 24 August 2011 Dr. Dennis Lithgow Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University / Prof 72076 street address near Dr. Lithgow I am submitting to you the report, due 21 August 2011, that you requested. The report is entitled The Key Principles of Lean Six Sigma Discussion. The purpose of the report is to inform you of our design decisions for the center. The content of this report concentrates on the Managing Processes Through Lean Six Sigma And Cost Estimating Methods. This report also discusses DMAIC Plant Layout/Material Handling from Cooperating Executives Operations and what that entails Plant Layout and Material Handling from Cooperating Executives Operations How Motorola conceptualized The Lean Six Sigma from the origin of a 1986 Business Management Strategy. If you should have any questions concerning our project and paper, then please feel free to contact Mike Bridge at xxx-xxxx. Sincerely, NAME HERE Lead point Section 4 Materials This section will concern which materials will be used, then detail how to apply the principles found in the Manufacturing Processes, First-Line Supervision, Computer, Materials Handling & Plant Layout, Quality Control, Production & Inventory Control, Cost Estimating, and Industrial Safety courses that are imperative to the success of any form of technology design. I will demonstrate how to successfully and completely design a system, its operational components, and develop appropriate system cost. Then I will demonstrate my full understanding of system operation. First, I will explain The Key Principles of Lean Six Sigma then elaborate on the DMAIC then explain

American Political Thought Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Political Thought - Article ExampleSusan Antony worked with Elizabeth Stanton and the focus was on the ballot and the rights of women in the society (Dilke 503). The speech of Susan Antony is based on the need to spearhead changes in the elections and the rights of women. In the agone the focus of the society involved depriving of the women a chance to participate in the national issues. The focus of the speeches by Susan Antony was on the abolishment of the segregation of women and the involvement of the women in voting and looking for elective positions. The speech focussed on the involvement of Susan in the voting process which led to her arrest and detainment. She continually referred to the arrest in the speeches.Voting was the main concern because of the challenge she went through after attempting to vote in the elections. Referring to the constitution of the country, she do passionate appeals on the country women and men to relook at the constitution and protect th e rights of the women. Despite struggling for the rights to vote, she was non able to achieve the desired goal. The principle of power of the government being derived from the people was used as the basis to argue the case of the women. The use of sex to disfranchise a society was vehemently condemned by Susan. In her view, this was the massive violation of the citizen right and should be abolished in totality. The major question asked by the Susan was on determination on whether women are persons or not. The question was rhetorical but was meant to influence the women and allow them to compute about their rights. The speeches presented by Susan helped by influencing women to take action against the discrimination and thus be involved in the leadership issues of the country.Discrimination of the women through the constitution was highlighted and the laws for equity were highlighted to show the need for enactment of the laws. The focus on the constitution and the law was effective because it ensured

Rationalism and Empiricism and Kants assessment of the problem of Essay

Rationalism and Empiricism and Kants assessment of the problem of knowledge - canvas Examplement, as an opinion is regarded to be analytic if the subject is influenced by the predicate and is synthetic if it is non shaped or linked with the predicate (15-17).An analytic opinion is not significant to the predicate in that it leaves the notion of the subject in its original status but simply divides it into those philosophical components that have inherently existed in it, although unclearly conversely, the predicate that is linked to syntheticity is irretrievable from the theme by any evaluation of the form. This strategy of containment is severely based on Kants philosophy, which depends on an array of guidelines (Kant 15-21). These be argued jointly. Conceptual containment stems from a situation in which a predicate relates to a mark. This implies it is the integrated network of concepts that impacts the connections vital for analytic opinions.In certain instances, the analytic disposition of a conceit manifests clearly when it is analyzed through these criteria. Additionally, Kant argues that representations and philosophies either fall under a priori ( subtle) or posteriori (empirical) categories. A priori philosophy, which surpasses the likelihood of experience, according to Kant, is a concept. On the one hand, a concept of a priori judgment exceeds any empirical purpose (Kant 15-22). In light of this, a philosophy based on pure judgment may also be regarded as transcendational. According to Kant, all the aspects of a priori cognitions often dish the injection of objective realism, thanks to their exposure. On the other hand, all cognitions based on a posteriori judgments are treated with utmost objective realism regarding the issues related to experience.On the one hand, rationalists have suggested that the very elementary beginning of knowledge is not the individual senses but rationale. Rationalism is based on the fact that without rather classe s, and principles reinforced by reason forms the basis of the organization and

Evaluate the arguments for and against collective bargaining in the UK Essay

Evaluate the arguments for and against corporate bargaining in the UK - demonstrate ExampleInformational differences provide an appealing explanation for bargaining inefficiencies. Even the development of noncooperative bargaining theory, which provided the tools and served for the corporate bargaining, did not work out so well as it was expected. However a general aim of this notional development is followed i.e., to inform policy makers of the efficiency and equity effects associated with different labour laws and institutions that govern and compel the collective bargaining process1. While these laws and policies are still in developing phase, they can already notch many insights into the interplay between policy and the bargaining process. (Bargaining, 2005a)Collective bargaining is specifically an industrial relations apparatus or tool, which is applicable to the employment relationship in order to avoid unpredicted disputes. In collective bargaining the union always have a collective interest since the negotiations are for the benefit of some(prenominal) employees as well as for the organization. Where collective bargaining is not for one employer but for several, collective interests establish a feature for both the parties to the bargaining process. In labor relations, negotiations involve the public interest such(prenominal) as where negotiations are on wages, which can impact on prices. This is implicitly recognized when a companionship or the parties seek the support of the public, especially where negotiations have failed and work disruptions follow. Governments intervene when necessary in collective bargaining because the negotiations are of interest to those beyond the parties themselves.In collective bargaining certain essential conditions engage to be satisfied, such as the existence of the freedom of association, a labor law system etcetera Further, since the beneficiaries of collective bargaining are in daily contact with each othe r,

Barclays Bank Essay Example for Free

Barclays Bank EssayBarclays is a major global monetary aids provider engaged in sell deposeing, credit card, corporate banking, investing banking, wealth vigilance and investment management services with an extensive international presence in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia. With everywhere 300 long time of history and expertise in banking, Barclays operates in over 50 countries and employs nearly 147,000 people. Barclays moves, lends, invests, protects money for more than 48 million customers and clients oecumenic. (Barclays 2009)Barclays currently owns more stock (3.9%) than any other stockholder in the largest company on the planet, Exxon Mobil. The fundamental principal to Barclays philosophy is to include the amours of all of their shareholders from customers, employees, shareholders and the wider community in route to providing a valued and prosperous circumference of satisfied stakeholders. (thebanker.com, 2009)A high priority is placed on traffic with t hree lines of operations. Firstly, the banking division that provides up front service and customer attention to United Kingdom retail and melody banking customers. The UK retail banking side courts some for 14 million accounts, help around 566,000 customers, while the phone line side lends service to primarily middle to larger sized businesses of around 180,000 customers. A second major focus for Barclays is Private Clients. Barclays stands today as the largest retail stockbroker in the United Kingdom, with clients mainly in the UK and the Continental Europe. The gist of the client makeup is high net worth and clients of corporate billing. Third is the International sell and Commercial Banking sector of Barclays business. Barclays has some 800 international branches placed throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East, which provide a large array of services including current accounts, savings, owes and loans. (thebanker.com 2009)Others smaller areas of focus for Barclays are Barclays Capital, Barclaycard, Barclay Global Investors and Woolwich. It is within these areas that Barclay is placing a larger focus towards growing throughout the international markets. Barclays Capital is a global investment bank which provides advice and solutions to the financialand risk management inescapably of corporate, institutional and government clients.Barclaycard has some 11.2 million UK customers with 2.9 million cards issued internationally. This happens to contain been the UKs first-yearly credit card and also the leader in card services provided over the internet 800,000 customers using the online account services. Barclaycard operates internationally throughout Europe, the UnitedStates and Africa and has recently made efforts to expand correct more into the United States with the acquisition of the US credit card, Juniper Financial Corporation in celestial latitude 2004. Barclays Global Investors is a world leader in providing investment management products a nd services and is also a global leading asset manager. In 1971 Barclays Global Investors created the first index strategy and followed this in 1978 with the first quantitative active strategy. Barclays Global Investors holds some 68 million British pounds in Exchange Traded silver with over 100 funds in ten international markets for individual and institutional investors. Lastly, Woolwich is a mortgage business that was acquired by Barclays in 2000. It has been transformed into a division that deals largely with home financing and lends its brand to Barclays mortgages.Barclays has placed a great deal of interest in international growth beginning as far back as 1925 with the merger that began the formation of Barclays International Operations of three banks the Colonial Bank, the Anglo Egyptian Bank and the National Bank of South Africa. This pushed Barclays into Africa, the Middle East and the West Indies. By the 1980s Barclays became the first bank to file with the Securities a nd Exchange Commission in the U.S. and by 1986 was the first British bank to be listed on the Tokyo and New York Stock Exchanges. Barclays Capital formed around the same time establishing an investment banking operation that today manages larger corporations and institutional businesses. In the mid-1990s Barclays formed Barclays Global Investors through the purchase of rise Fargo Nikko Investment Advisers which was combined with Barclays BZW Investment Management. Barclays has also kept pace with innovation with concepts such as online customized servicing through Barclays Private Bank and Premiere Banking.These steps have kept Barclays competitive in the banking industriousness and guided them towards a promising path in international growth. (thebanker.com)Foremost to continually compete internationally, Barclays mustiness strive to perform customer service at an utmost level of excellence. This will promote Barclays worldwide as a business that can be relied upon time after tim e for small individual accounts as well as huge corporate accounts. To accomplish this, Barclays must identify their customer groups and the needs associated with each particular group and develop products and services that will be of great value to their customers. The practices that have worked in the past must be reconfigured to work for years to come and keep Barclays updated with the high ever-changing IT world. This will call for new investments into new levels of technology that can help offer higher levels of service to its customers.Along with the apparent increase in speed that IT will allow Barclay to accomplish routine tasks, technology will also reduce risk of errors and fraud. (www.thebanker.com) this leads straight into a second integral point of interest for Barclays. The need to place major investments into the most modern and efficient IT systems available that enables top of the line business transactions to transpire unhinged. IT will allow up to date informatio n to be at the fingertips of Barclays managers, giving managers a huge advantage when it comes to making decisions and in pin pointing groups of customers that can have a high added value to Barclays. The fine-tuning of IT will also eliminate weaknesses within Barclays practices, preventing failures that effect customers and thus reducing unwarranted and unnecessary costs.(thebanker.com)

Media Impacts on Children’s Rights Essay Example for Free

Media Impacts on Childrens Rights EssayChild degrade gives most quite a little a vision of the faults and blunders of the society. Child mistreatment is unmatched of the most common offensives committed in the testify. As for the Philippines, unrivaled can find vital statistics to certain crimes at the Bantay Bata 163 website (http//www.abs-cbn.com/bantaybata163). According to the Department of Social Welfargon and training (DSWD), 6,494 cases of minor insult were reported for the year of 2006 alone. Indeed, the goernment and certain non- giving medication organizations must deal with these incidents of babe tread particularly the smokestack media. This paper examines the exercise of the media in relation to squirt vilification and electric razor shield and argues that the media control been essential to the task of placing the problem of shaver abuse in the minds of the reality and on the policy-making agenda.THE MASS MEDIAAccording to YourDictionary.com, p ush-down storage Media is those means of communicating that reach and influence large numbers of stack, specially newspapers, popular magazines, radio, and boob tube. Mass Media argon those media that argon created to be consumed by immense number of population ecumenical and also a direct contemporary instrument of cud communication. Nonetheless, Mass Media is considered as the fourth the three estates of the society as well. It is the fourth branch of the government. It is the voice and weapon of the people and the society as whole.Mass media has some(prenominal)(a) purposes, first is for entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, and sports, a presbyopic with light reading but since the late twentieth century it can also be through video and computer games. Next is for public overhaul announcement which is intended to modify public attitudes by raising awargonness rough particular(prenominal) issues desire health and safety. And lastly is fo r advocacy. This can be forboth business and complaisant concerns. This can include advertising, marketing, propaganda, public relations and political communication.MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTSAs stated by the Secretary- General of the United Nations in 1998, gentle Rights are what reason requires and what conscience commands (Mizuta, 2000). It is commonly recognized that world rights are firm foundations of human liveence and co-existence. It is for these human rights that the United Nations is eng cured in securing the basic conditions of life, in ensuring peace, development, a safe environment, food, shelter, education, participation, equal opportunities and apology against intolerance in any form.The Preamble of the Universal Declaration of homosexual Rights expicitly states that all(prenominal) individual and every organ of the society, keeping this Declaration constatly inmind, shall strive by teaching education to promote respect for these rights and independence (Hamelink, 2000).With this, we can say that all (including different institutions) are responsible in promoting human rights.Mass media present the opportunity to communicate to large numbers of people and to target particular groups of people. As observed by Gamble and Gamble (1999), hoi polloi communication is importantly different from new(prenominal) forms of communication. They note that flowerpot communication has the capacity to reach simultaneously many thousands of people who are not related to the sender. It depends on adept devices or machines to quickly distribute messages to diverse audiences often unknown to each other. Thus, media in relation to human rights shows a exceptional characteristic in promoting it.CHILD ABUSEIn the United States, the Centers for Disease fit and Pr as yettion (CDC) define baby abuse as any act or series of acts of care or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, probable for harm, or threat of harm to a child.The physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect of children have a long recorded history. In the mid to late 1800s, it was reported that children were often sexually assaulted, that children reported frankly about their abuse, and that the perpetrators of abuse were often the childrens fathers and brothers (Olafsen, Corwin and Summit 1993). Every year, millions of children across the world are becoming irreproachable helpless targets of atrocities. They are the sufferers of ill-treatment, exploitation, and brutality. They are part of human trafficking to induce into prostitution rackets. In terror given regions, they are kidnapped from their homes and schools and their innocent puerility is forced into the army to witness the brunt of cruelty. They are enforced into debt repression or other kinds of slavery.In Metro Manila, according to Australian study, urbanization and migration continuously increase, children are often forced by circumstances to help their families earn a l iving. Most street children are of poor parents who have migrated from agrestic areas to find better job opportunities in the city, but lack of education renders them ill-equipped to earn or survive in the city. Street children have a bleak present and an uncertain future. Life in the street is a constant struggle to overcome the various negative elements that threaten to overtake and undo the hope for survival. The street child works under the heat of the sun or in the darkened of the night from 6 to 16 hours, seven days a week, often in a gang of occupations each considered their only means to survive.In the cities, neglected and abandoned children find themselves in the streets fending for themselves and vulnerable to the various evils of the urban jungle such(prenominal) as drug addiction, crimes and commercial sexual exploitation. Children who are neglected or abandoned are easy prey not only to accidents but to commercial sexual exploitation, drugs, crime and unwanted preg nancies. Incidents of child abuse is still on the rise especiallychild sexual abuse. besides on the rise are reports of physical abuse and maltreatment of children. According to the statistics, there are around 40,000 to 50,000 street children of all categories in Metro Manila. Studies conducted reveal that the number of street children range from 2 to 3% of the child and bounteous population. The national project on street children estimated the number of street children at over 220,000 in 65 major cities as of 1993. There are now about 350 government and non government agencies that are responding to street children and their families.The government has given special focus on helping street children with computer programmes focus on health and nutrition, educational assistance, parenting sessions, livelihood and skills training, residential care, foster care and adoption. However for as long as there would be squatter colonies sprouting in urban areas and for as long as there are not enough jobs, street children lead continue to dominate in the streets. In a 1993 survey of households, some 16% of households surveyed have children below 12 years old who are left unattended with no supervising adult in the house. This translates to one in six households where children are without adult supervision.The consequences of child abuse are overwhelmingly disturbing. It denies a child its basic right-education. While force and abuse pose a threat to their life, it also offers much devastating adverse effects on their mental and physical health. Often it leads to homelessness, resulting in increased number of cases of vagrancy giving birth to a feeling of depression. To worsen the scenario, these victims are more than desirely to abuse their own children in future, thanks to the deep contact on their mind and the cycle will continue forever.Though the agony and the plight of these children remain curb in silence, the brunt of their exploitation is very rea l. Although, the whole world is morally fuming at the abuse children endure. Yet, egis laws against child abuse commonly meet with confrontation at all strata of society. Like the breastplate of human rights, child protection can also be effectively promoted through media.MEDIA ON CHILD PROTECTIONThe media have been essential to the growth of societys awareness of child abuse and neglect, not so more from specific society education drives as through ongoing news and features reporting on specific cases, research and intervention initiatives (Gough 1996). Media representations are the primary seminal fluid of asseverateation on accessible problems for many people (Hutson and Liddiard 1994). Specifically, it is apparent that the medias conceptualization of children and young people, and media reporting on both physical discipline of children and child abuse, is significant in reflecting and defining societys perceptions of children and young people (Franklin and Horwath 1996), and what is and what is not unimpeachable behaviour towards children.In addition to news stories, feature articles, and investigative journalism, sporadic multitude media education and taproom campaigns are launched. These campaigns usually endeavor to broaden community knowledge of child abuse and neglect, to influence peoples attitudes towards children and young people, and to switch behaviors that contribute to, or precipitate, the problem of child abuse and neglect in our communities (Goddard and Saunders, 2002). The constructive use of flock media can assist in teaching children and young people sociablely desirable ways of relations with conflict, knowledge of their rights to integrity and protection from harm, healthy eating habits and lifestyles, and ways to assert themselves and their rights in a positive(p), acceptable manner.In an Inquiry into the Effects of Television and Multimedia on Children and Families in Victoria, Australia, evaluations of educational tele vision programs, designed either for pre-schoolers or for older children, have suggested their effectiveness in heightening a range of social behaviors (Friedrich and Stein 1973), diminishing the effects of stereotyping (Johnston and Ettema 1982), increasing preparedness for adolescence (Singer and Singer 1994), and stimulating the discussion of solutions to general social issues (Johnston et. al 1993).The Convention of the rights of the child provides for the right of children to access entropy and material to those that beated the promotion of his or her rights. (Hamelink, 1999).Therefore, mass media as aprimary source of these information should provide the children proper knowledge of his or her rights. Also, mass media education and prevention campaigns may be designed to target children and young people, providing them with useful information and alarum them to avenues for further information, help and support. Campaigns can also use regular television programs for childre n. Research suggests that, at least(prenominal) in the short term, television viewing of such programs may increase childrens and young peoples knowledge and positively change attitudes and behaviors.Unfortunately, longitudinal studies exploring sustained effects are rare and thus inconclusive. It further notes that television is one of the most popular forms of mass communication and entertainment in has been under-utilized as an educative tool, and suggests that perhaps abridge vision has meant that the deliberate use of television simultaneously to entertain and educate has not been fully recognized. despite this, Postman (1994) has argued that television is rapidly becoming the first curriculum, with educational institutions such as schools following behind.Further, campaigns may be designed to give children and young people an opportunity to express their views on issues that affect them, specifically targeting adult audiences that habitually ignore the views and experiences of children and young people. The UK Childrens Express is one example, as is Youth Forum in Melbournes predict Sun newspaper..Research on the physical punishment of children suggests, for example, that adults may be interested to hear childrens views on the issue of physical discipline, and children interviewed in the research were keen for adults to hear their views. To date, however, the media rarely, if ever, consults children and takes their views into account before reporting on the physical punishment for children (Goddard and Saunders, 2000)MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS EVERY CHILD IS IMPORTANT (Australia, May 2000)This primary prevention campaign used a comforting approach and incorporated a significant mass media component (Tucci et. al2001).As outlined in More action less talk Community responses to child abuse prevention (Tucci, et. al 2001), the campaign sought to elicit a commitment from adults to adults to develop safe and non-abusive relationships with children persuade adu lts to condition behaving in ways which are harmful to children educate adults about the important conveys of children and better inform adults about the causes and consequences of child abuse.The campaign encouraged all adults to think and view children as a source of hope understand the developmental variables of children respect the meaning children give to their experiences engage positively with the principles of childrens rights and appreciate more fully the capacities and contribution of children to the cultural and emotional life of families and communities. The campaign also addressed the commonly held tactual sensation that children are a cost to society the perceived suspicion that any application of the notion of childrens rights will mean an erosion of parents rights and the publics lack of understanding about the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia.The campaign continued until the end of 2001. A song, written by Van Morrison and performed by Rod Stewart, move over I Told You Lately That I Love You, was the focus of a television advertising campaign that aimed to have peoples purposes about the importance and value of children and how this is communicated to them. Television commercials were backed up by press and radio advertisements. In addition to advertising, the campaign sought media attention by involving Tracy Bartram, FOX FM radio personality, as an embassador for the campaign. Media attention was drawn to the campaigns launch. A free information kit for parents was made available, parents seminar sessions, featuring Michael Grose, were conducted, and a website made quick available to the public. The campaign did not receive state or federal funding but relied hard on in-kind support from individuals and Victorian businesses.Quantum Market Research monitored the effectiveness of the campaign. InMay 2000 and October 2000 telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 301 adults. Public dissemination o f research outcomes formed part of the campaign strategy. Tucci et al. (2001) report that the initial research findings, five months into the campaign, revealed that Child abuse is as serious social problem that is poorly understand by the Victorian public while fifty one per cent of respondents believed the community recognized child abuse as a serious social problem and another twenty one per cent believed they accurately understood the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia, this is clearly not the case. cardinal nine per cent were unable even to guess the number of reports of child abuse received annually. lone(prenominal) four per cent of respondents accurately estimated the size of the problem. Twenty-nine per cent of respondents underestimated the problem by at least 90,000 reports. The idea that adults can hurt children is disturbing and likely underpins the belief by fifty one per cent of respondents that the community treats this issue seriously, but when asked to account for the extent to which children are creation abused by adults, community awareness is sadly lacking.Eighty per cent of respondents strongly supported the need for a campaign against child abuse. Australians Against Child Abuse thus feels confident that the Every Child is Important campaign will significantly influence public attitudes and responses to children and to child abuse. Ongoing research into the blow of the campaign will in itself be valuable in contributing to the debate about the educative and cost effectiveness of mass media campaigns aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect. NSPCC Full Stop Campaign Primary Prevention (United Kingdom, May 1999)It has the ambitious aim of ending cruelty to children within 20 years. Costing three million pounds, it proposes to change attitudes and behaviour towards children, to counterbalance it everybodys business to protect children, and to launch new services and approaches (Boztas, 1999). The campaign is supported b y Prince Andrew, popular personalities such as the Spice Girls, the English football star Alan Shearer, and companies such as British Telecom and Microsoft.As Rudaizky (quoted in Hall 1999) explains, a pictorial division of the campaign is people covering their eyes The theme of the eyes being covered is about people not facing up to the reality of what is happening. Our use was not to shock but to move people into doing something about it. Child abuse is not excellent to talk about. It is an upsetting subject but unless we talk about it, we will not end it.This target highlights the suppression/awareness phenomenon mentioned above, and draws attention again to the need for ongoing rather than intermittent prevention campaigns.FAMILIES University of QueenslandSanders et al. (2000) evaluated Families a 12-part prevention-focused television series designed to provide empirically validated parenting information in an interesting and entertain format. The series presented a parent ing model, suggesting strategies parents could use with their children. It aimed to reassure parents that it is normal for parenting to be challenging, and it hoped to increase parents confidence that positive changes in childrens behavior were achievable. The series also aimed to increase awareness in the community of the importance of positive family relationships to the positive development of young people (Sanders et al. 2000).This media-based television series was considered to be successful, specifically in relation to its impact on increasing the parenting confidence of mothers. However, Sanders et al. (2000) concluded that the impact of the series could have been increased by the strategic provision of service support systems, such as telephone information contact lines or parenting preference centers, which could be advertised as part of a coordinated media strategy planned to coincide with the ventilation of the television program. These services could provide information and back-up resources, such as parenting tip sheets, to parents seeking further advice afterwards viewing the program. Staff at these centers could also identify andrefer families who may need more intensive help. BEYOND BELIEF (United Kingdom, 1992)A infotainment claimed to show new evidence of satanic/ritual abuse in Britain. Following the program, helplines were overloaded with calls from people who had experienced sexual or ritual abuse. Counsellors noted that The program appeared to have given callers permission to speak of their experiences and their gratitude that someone, somewhere took what they said seriously. (Scott 1993)Henderson, a fellow at Glasgow Universitys mass media unit, as quoted by Hellen (1998) commented that A lot of people who have suffered child abuse quite precisely lack the vocabulary, because of shame or fear, to come to terms with what has happened. Provided a drama does not go under foot on the child, it can be very helpful. BBC Screen defraudIt has been suggested that sometimes drama reaches the parts the documentary cannot (Campbell 1989). Writing about Testimony of a Child, a BBC screenplay that presents the other side of the Cleveland child sexual abuse saga the story of an abused child going home to the abuser, Campbell argues that sexual assault presents television with terrible problems. Television is about seeing. only it censors what we need to see if we are to understand because it bows to propriety and thus contains what is knowable (Campbell 1989).Despite this, Campbell (1989) notes the power of fictitious drama based on fact to invite you to think what would you do if faced with that childs face, his fantasies full of terror and death, his starvation, his unregenerate silences, his sore bum. COLD HANDS- ( bare-assed South Wales, 1993)Armstrong (1993) argued that the play portrays a week in the life of a 12 year-old girl sexually assaulted by her father and got pregnant. Theplays focus allows the audience t o gain an insight into the childs fear and trauma, the fathers lame rationalization and defense, and the mothers fear of confronting the truth.Armstrong noted that the juvenile South Wales Child Protection Council showed professional interest in the play and that plays have been used as part of child abuse awareness campaigns. The plays director, Ritchie (as quoted by Armstrong 1993) remarked that The play is powerful, dramatic, presenting practical and emotional reality. It is confronting, but it emphasizes the fact that there is no excuse. QUESTIONS 2 Killing Tomorrow New ZealandA documentary, screened in New Zealand in 2001, graphically depicts the lives and abuse of three children. During the documentary, a Detective quizzer informs the audience that the drama is based on the lives of real people, and the audience is told how life turned out for the children and their abusers. only if those with ice in their veins could fail to be moved and there lies the problem. In each c ase, one adult or more had failed to take responsibility for the safety of a defenseless child (Herrick 2001). Reporting in The New Zealand spat, Herrick asks what can programs like this possibly expect to achieve. Twenty years ago, polite society didnt even acknowledge abuse existed, let alone talk about it. So shows like this, which provoke thought and discussion, must be a sign of progress, even if the statistics say otherwise. Killing tomorrow was punishing if compel viewing.Supported by New Zealands child protection authority, Child Youth and Family run (CYFS), consider documentaries like Killing Tomorrow to be a powerful way of educating people about the issues and what can be done to protect children. We want to create an environment where child abuse is less able to exist and were pleased Screentime-Communicado has decided to help raise these serious issues (Brown, CYFS chief executive quoted in TheNew Zealand Herald 28/11/01).After the program was screened there was a pan el discussion of the issues presented in the documentary and CYFS booklets that provide tips on parenting were made available to the public. Child protection received 211 phone calls during the documentary and on the night it was screened. Fifty-three child abuse investigations resulted, five of which cases were considered very urgent and were assigned immediately to social workers for investigation (Ward, CYFS spokesperson, quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01).Also quoted in the New Zealand Herald 30/11/01 was Simcock, the National Social Services spokesperson The documentary showed community groups were doing their best on the issue but government measures were sadly lacking the most helpful thing the government could do was to change the law that allowed parents to hit children.While the documentary appears to have raised awareness of child abuse and prompted some people to act on their suspicions of abuse and neglect, Henare, a Child Abuse Prevention Services spokesperson, noted that the objective of the documentary would not be reached without enough money for community providers (quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01).These are only some examples of media campaigns. There were still lots more evidences the media protecting children around the globe from abuse. Though media shows a remarkable effort in the child protection system, people can not stay away from the fact that there are still several problems these media campaigns face.MEDIA PROBLEMS IN CHILD PROTECTION CAMPAIGNjournalists willing to advocate for children and young people face the altercate of counterbalancing negative images or demonisation(Franklin and Horwath 1996) of children and, particularly, of adolescents, in print, television and film. Starkly contrasting with once popular views ofchildhood as a time of innocence, less than positive images of children and young people in the media may place obstacles in the path of attempts to prevent their abuse and neglect.In 1968, 11-ye arold Mary Bell murdered two boys, aged three and four in the UK. Twenty-five years later, in 1993, two ten-year-old boys murdered two-year-old Jamie Bulger in the UK, and in Australia in 1998, a ten-year-old boy was charged with drowning a six-year-old playmate. In such cases, a child being able to open his or her mind in abusive acts might be the perpetrator of maltreatment to his or her fellow.Psychologically, the Social Information Processing Theory of Aggression, comes here. According to Strasburger (1995), the central tenet of social information processing theory is that children create their own rationales to explain the behavior of others during social during social encounters. In turn, these self- generated indication influence childrens responses in their ongoing social interaction. Given that mental state operate in a feedback loop, it is possible that all social experiences, including those involving violent media, could influence social information processing.CONCLUSIO N monastic order sometimes fails to recognize that children are the most vulnerable group in our community, and are thus in need of the greatest protection. The social and economic costs to societies that have not prioritized childrens needs, especially the prevention of child abuse and neglect, are well documented.This paper focused on news stories, feature articles and investigative journalism. In this, we have concentrated on mass media education and prevention campaigns, television series, documentaries, and live theatre productions. It leaven the medias potential power to positively influence child welfare policies, community responses to children and young people, and societal credit of, and reaction to, child abuse and neglect. It argufys those who are involved in child welfare and child protection to make greater efforts to understand media influences and to usethe media constructively.Sustained community education and prevention campaigns, using mass media communication, are integral to the prevention of child abuse and neglect. These campaigns continually confront communities with the reality of child abuse. They challenge people, institutions, and governments to listen to children and to respond to the needs of all children and families, and particularly the special needs of children who have been abused or neglected. Further, sustained mass media exposure of child abuse and neglect may publicly censure and shame perpetrators, many of whom are relatives and adults well known to the victimized child. According to Tucci (2002), the agenda for our community and the government which represents us should be clear. The prevention of child abuse should be a priority.However, to be effective, mass media campaigns will need to be part of a broader prevention program that includes the provision of supports and services for all children and families. There are limitations to what the media can achieve.REFERENCESArmstrong, M. (1993), The cold realities of c hild sex abuse, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 NovemberBoztas, S. (1999), Prince Andrew launches crusade against child cruelty. The Daily Telegraph, 23/3/99.Franklin, B. and Horwath, J. (1996). The media abuse of children Jakes progress from demonic icon to restored childhood. Child Abuse Review.Friedrich, L. and Stein, A. (1973). Aggressive and prosocial television programs and the natural behaviour of preschool children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child DevelopmentGamble, T. and Gamble, M. (1999). Communication works. McGraw Hill numbers.Goddard, C. and Saunders, B.J. (2000), The role of the media, in Project Axis Child Sexual Abuse in Queensland Selected Research Papers.Goddard, Chris. , Saunders, Bernadette. (2002). The role of mass media in facilitating community education and child abuse prevention strategies. Child Abuse Prevention Issues act 16.Gough, D. (1996), Defining the problem Child Abuse Neglect, Vol. 20.Hall, C. (1999), NSPCC shock tactics to tackle chil d abuse, The Daily Telegraph.Hamelink, Cees. (2000). Media and Human Rights. Media and Human Rights in Asia an AMIC Compilation. Singapore AMIC.Hellen, N. (1998), Bennett pens TV child sex drama, Sunday Times, 5 October.Herrick, L. (2001), Truth of abuse too powerful to ignore, The New Zealand Herald, 21 DecemberHutson, S. and Liddiard, M. (1994). Youth homelessness The construction of a social issue. Macmillan PublicationJohnston, J. and Ettema, J. (1982). Positive images Breaking stereotypes with childrens television. sagacious Publications.Johnston, J. Bauman, J. Milne, L. and Urdan, T. (1993). Taking the measure of talking with TJ An evaluation of the first implementation of talking with J Series 1, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan Publishers.Mizuta, Kayoko. (2000). Human Rights and Media. Media and Human Rights in Asia an AMIC Compilation. Singapore AMIC.Olafsen, R., Corwin, D. and Summit, R. (1993). in advance(p) history of child sexual abuse awareness C ycles of discovery and suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect.Postman, N. (1994). The disappearance of childhood. time of origin Books.Sanders, M.R., Montgomery, D.T. and Brechman-Toussaint, M.L. (2000), The mass-media and the prevention of child behavior problems The evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcomes for parents and their children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.Singer, D. and Singer, A. (1981). Television, imagination and aggression A study of preschoolers Sage Publications.Strasburger, Victor. (1995). Adolescents and the Media Medical and Psychological Impact. Sage Publications.Tucci, J. Goddard, C. and Mitchell, J. (2001). More Action Less Talk Community responses to child abuse prevention, Australians Against Child Abuse. Ringwood.

Written Assignment for Industrial Technology Essay Example for Free

compose Assignment for Industrial Technology Essay1. The written assignment for Industrial Technology has continuously represent a level of difficulty for some students and t to completely(prenominal) oneers who atomic number 18 required to contend with the CSEC practical atomic number 18as. In come of this challenge the following display has been created to give a better understanding of the procedure to follow.2. In site to successfully complete written assignments candidates mustiness firstly become awargon of the requirements of this component. It is very important that each candidate is not only provided with these requirements (which include background and ticktock scheme) but also that teachers utilize a session or two to explain thoroughly the steps to be followed. Guides presented to candidates should include the following1. primer coat to written assignment2. Mark schemeSamples shown belowTHE write COMPONENTThe written assignment exit consume the form of a melodic theme of ab surface 1000 1200 words based on the common modules. These atomic number 18 Safety Health upbeatIntroduction to ComputerImpact of Technology on SocietyCandidates are to demonstrate their full understanding of the concepts relating to these modules. They should produce a report that uses word-processing technology. Candidates may also use different software packages (Spreadsheets or databases) to do any(prenominal) analysis that may be necessary to enhance the presentation of the report. The report should be a critical analysis of a particular institution, business or make-up that has relation or relevance to the unit(s) or Subject(s) being studied. It is suggested that one of two uprisees be used. 1. Industrial visits dressing of a report on a visit to an industry or industrial site.2. A report on a particular theme that is relevant to the Unit(s) or Subject(s) being studied, for example, Transport road, air, rail or water Communication Manufactur ing Service industry.The report should include drawings, and photographs, wherever these are relevant, in addition to the written material. The report should address the areas adverted below. The jobs or careers regard in the particular institution or theme that uphold to the Unit(s) or Subject(s) being studied. The norms, regulations and codes of which employees in these areas must be aware and to which they must tie down, because of legal, financial, strategic or other(a) considerations. The impact of technology on the careers identified and the processes involved as they relate to the Unit(s) or Subject(s) being studied, for example, use vs. unemployment, self-employment, security considerations, methods of processing and environmental considerations. Ethical and moral considerations. A critical look at the environmental issues, employment practices and galosh, health and welfare issues as they are addressed.3. If the candidate is studying(i) One Unit or Subject only, the report should address the areas listinged in point 2 in a higher place which are relevant to that Unit only. (ii) Two or more Units or Subjects, the report should address the areas listed in point 2 above which are relevant to ALL the Units being studied.INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY*Table outlining the breakdown of tag for students end one, two or three units/subject.Interpreting guides and mark schemeIt is important to note that unless the report is prepared according to the guides and mark scheme given, students will find it difficult to score points for this component. As such unrelenting adherence to the instructions given through the documents above is critical to the successful completion of this piece.INTRODUCTION OF THE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTThe introduction of the written assignment consists of two areas, namely1. Topic outlined briefly and,2. Methods/ come out at data collection.Based on the breakdown of the mark scheme the introduction asks for two circumstantial pieces of information and values 2 marks, one for each. It is therefore unnecessary for candidates to be lengthy in this section. cause1. The manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement at Carib Cement Jamaica Limited. (1 mark) 2. The following approach shotes were taken in gathering the datai. A guided tour of the readyii. Video presentationsiii. Use of questionnairesiv. Interviews conducted with personnel (1 mark)CONTENTAs outlined in the mark scheme, candidates are required to recognize the different careers at the industry that they have visited. In the movement of the theme approach, candidates will naturally identify those careers associated with that area of specialization also including support staff that would charge in the successful running of such an government. All candidates are required to do here is to list the careers. Evidently only one mark is allotted for this section. Creative ways could also be utilise if so desired by candidates to present this information.E.g. Or ganizational charts. The norms, regulations and codes to which employees must be aware and to which they must adhere because of legal, financial, strategic or other consideration. Again this other item values only one mark on the mark scheme, hence candidates are not expected to be lengthy. A good approach to take here is to break down the heading in order to sufficiently address each component.Example NormsNorms speak to the customary operation of the plant and especially employees from the cadence of suss out in to the time of check out. The operations here could be itemized with an indication of the time in which they are carried out.E.g.1) Employees check in at security post for processing 830 AM 2) Employees report to departments. -900 AM RegulationsRegulations speak to the set of rules to which employees must adhere. These rules must be linked to the daily operations carried out by employees. In presentation these regulations could be tabulated with possible photographs of s igns mounted on the plant. NOTE There are points allotted separately for pictures, tables and charts. Codes could also be addressed at this point. These can be described as a systematic set of laws which quite often govern both behavior and safety. Pictures of codes identified on site could also be used to enhance presentation.Impact of Technology on CareersThe impact of technology is essentially seeking to identify the negatives and positives of the use of the equipment on the plant (especially if newly introduced) and the issuing that these have on the existing careers. However, candidates are required to speak specifically to the impact as it relates to the following areas1) Employment vs. unemployment2) protection or processing3) EnvironmentalIf an actual tour of an industrial plant was conducted then the information inevitable in this section could be collected with the aid of interviews, questionnaires or observation of operations. If the report was completed from a theme t hen candidates would naturally identify possible effects that could arise as a root of the introduction of new technology. As it relates to employment vs. unemployment, candidates are required to say whether jobs have been lost or jobs have been gained as a result of the introduction of technology.In terms of security or processing, candidates will select one of these and identify proficient features/devices that are used in these areas striking a equation with manual methods which were previously employed. Industrial plants are popularly known to have a deleterious effect on the environment especially where the emission of waste is concern. The candidate at this point is to explain what technological feature if any is used to control these emissions and elaborate briefly on its effectiveness. How ethical and moral considerations are addressedThis section speaks specifically to two areas, these are1) Legal polices on safety, health and welfare. 2) Moral approach in handling safet y, health and welfare. A legal policy in this context can be defined as a prudent melodic phrase of action employed by an organization. This prudent course of action seeks to outline how situations/developments are handled within the establishment. At point 1) above candidates are required to list the legal policies employed by the establishment/industrial plant which address safety, health and welfare. These policies may variegate from organization to organization but in this case could include 1) A safety and health policy.2) Welfare policy developed through the human and resource department in the establishment. (Information below seeks to give raise details on safety and health. Kindly peruse) Safety and Health policiesSafe and healthy working conditions do not happen by chance. Employers need to have a written safety policy for their effort setting out the safety and health standards which should be their objective to achieve. The policy should name the senior decision mak er who is responsible for seeing that the standards are achieved, and who has authority to allocate responsibilities to management and supervisors at all levels and to see they are carried out.The safety policy should deal with the following matters1) Arrangements for training at all levels. Particular attention take to be given to key workers such as scaffolders and crane operators whose mistakes can be especially on the hook(predicate) to other workers 2) safe methods or systems of work for hazardous operations the workers carrying out these operations should be involved in their preparation 3) the duties and responsibilities of supervisors and key workers 4) arrangements by which information on safety and health is to be make known 5) arrangements for setting up safety committees6) the selection and control of subcontractors.Safety organization and management (policies) must cover all aspects of the employers or the contractors operationsMoral Approach in handling safety, healt h and welfareMoral approach in handling safety, health and welfare has to do with how employees are treat by the establishment. Candidates at this point will identify the initiatives within the organization/establishment which have been developed for employees under the heading of safety, health and welfare. These could include1) Health care for employees and family.2) Provision of safety equipment for employees.3) Insurance packages for employees.PRESENTATIONSeven points are allotted for presentation and in order for students to score level best they must meet all the requirements outlined in the mark scheme. Keen attention must be placed on the use of tables, charts, pictures and diagrams to present data. The instrument selected can be used to represent any data that the student wishes to highlight. All areas to be addressed under introduction and content should be treated as headings and subheadings thus improving the presentation of the report.COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATIONThis area deals with the communication of information in a logical way using correct grammar and appropriate jargon of the field. All of twelve marks are allotted to this area and as such teacher is expected to monitor students closely ensuring that all the requirements outlined are adhered to as much as possible.SUMMARYThis segment of the report carries (2 marks). These are disjunct evenly between two areas1) Major findings2) RecommendationsMajor FindingsThis is where students will highlight any area of plant operation that they might consider to be outstanding. This could include new technology which leads to greater efficiency.RecommendationThis is where students identify possible strategies/initiatives which could serve to improve operations in the areas of concern.

Persistence Of Memory Essay Example for Free

Persistence Of Memory Es give voiceArt can be used in a number of ways to communicate and activate persistence of entrepot in pot. It is non only in the modern days that nontextual matter is used for communication and sensation of retentivity but also in the olden times. Just to revisit the kind of writing in the olden times the cuniform way of pictures which equal actions or episodes. On seeing the pictures, one could figure emerge what that meant.In this, I refer to records keep in sculptures, paintings, posters, puppets, cartons, shapes e. c.t A carving of an Ape like man could stir somebodys memory about the early man and the evolution. Pictures drawn or painted and given the names of some of the gothic time inventors give a clear picture of the type of people who lived during the time and their ways of life.This includes clothing mode of transport ( incase of a picture of an old locomotive). The weapons they used, the houses they used to build e.t.c It is apparent t hat on that point were no cameras during those days and before then, but artists stick made things vivid for scholars to see and figure out how things used to be in the past.Take for example, sculpture or sculptural/ artifacts which are all over in the Museum and other historic preservation sites. They are sites of attraction to the modern generation which admire their beauty. They go out a lot into the minds of the viewers and it is unlikely for one to pull up stakes what he/she has seen.Colour also has a lot of appealing before the eye of the viewer. Artist have it that diverse colours stand for different meanings. For Example Red May among others things stand for danger Yellow for cowardice, green for peace and e.t.c. Religious people have different perspectives on the colours especially Christians associate red with the blood of Jesus, black with blurt out and white with glory so you can see that colours also form persistent memory in people.Nowadays, political critics u se cartons in the newspapers to criticize or ridicule politicians or an event they note should not go uncommented. Cartons analysis enjoy seeing them and getting the fun of them. You will find that with more than(prenominal) cartons one cannot easily forget the episode displayed by the cartons.This is another artistic way of creating and maintaining memory in ones mind. Some painting works have remained in the memories of people from the time in the past to date.If you compact the impact the painting of Monalisa about the last supper and the effect has with Christians today, you will marvel about the magic it holds. Leornado Da Vincil of Florence painted the Monalisa between 1503-08 but although Monalisa was stolen in 1911,the effect it had on the Christians still lives today .Since copies of it and the recreation of much more about it had been scarred all over the world by the Christians and the lovers of art. Today few makers have produced films which are showing allover the world over his artistic achievements.On seeing a film or paintings about the last supper, Christians are reminded a fresh in their memory of their salvation.Last supper not support has the symbolism of Jesus giving to his followers his body and blood in commemoration of their salvation.Educators say that seeing believes. When you watch a film, you are not likely to forget what you have seen. So, films, play a great role in persistence memory enhancement for it is not easy for one to forget what he has seeing in a film.The world is full of art. These artistic objects keep on fall out into our memories when we talk about them or see similar objects. So, there should be no doubt that art elucidate in terms of others and reveal about the way they see the world.

Major Managerial Skills Needed by Every Supervisor Essay Example for Free

Major Managerial Skills Needed by every(prenominal) Supervisor Essay1.Identify the major conductorial skills needed by every executive program. Why are these significant? The major managerial skills are technical foul, human relations, administrative, conceptual, attractionship, political and emotional intelligence skills. The Managerial skills which are infallible by managers working at different levels of management. The top-level managers exact more conceptual skills and less technical skills. The lower-level managers require more technical skills and fewer conceptual skills. piece relations skills are required equally by all three levels of management. skillful SkillsA technical skill is the ability to perform the given job. Technical skills help the managers to use different machines and tools. It too helps them to use various procedures and techniques. The low-level managers require more technical skills. This is because they are in charge of the actual operations. Human relations SkillsHuman relations skills are also called Interpersonal skills. It is an ability to work with great deal. It helps the managers to understand, communicate and work with others. It also helps the managers to lead, motivate and develop team spirit. Human relations skills are required by all managers at all levels of management. This is so, since all managers have to interact and work with people.Administrative SkillsAdministrative skills are required at the top-level management. The top-level managers should enjoy how to make plans and policies. They should also know how to get the work done. They should be able to co-ordinate different activities of the organization. They should also be able to lock the full organization.Conceptual SkillsConceptual skill is the ability to visualize the organization as a whole. It includes Analytical, creative and Initiative skills. It helps the manager to identify the causes of the businesss and not the symptoms. It helps him or her to solve the problems for the benefit of the entire organization. It helps the manager to cook goals for the whole organization and to plan for every situation.Leadership SkillsThe development of a leadership style that emphasizes collaboration, trust, and empathy engages pursuit in all aspects of the organisational and helps followers to better themselves.Political skillsthe savvy to ascertain the hidden rules of the organizational game and to recognize the roles various people play in getting subjects done outside and to buckram organizational channels.Emotional intelligence skillsThe intelligent use of your emotions to help guide your behavior and thinking in ways that enhance your results. You can maximize your emotional intelligence by developing soundly communion skills, interpersonal relationship, and mentoring relationships.2. Summarize the difficulties supervisors face in fulfilling managerial roles. The supervisory position is difficult and demanding role. Su pervisors are people in the middle that between higher-level managers and employees. In illustrate many of the challenges a supervisors faces, effective supervisors must be adaptable and be able to maintain their perspective in the face or rapidly changing conditions. The supervisors must also be a competent subordinate to higher-level managers. In this role, the supervisors must to be a good follower.The position of any supervisors has two main requirements. Fist the supervisors must have a good working knowledge of the jobs to be performed. Second, and more significant, the supervisors must be able to manage the department. It is the supervisors managerial competence that usually determines the effectiveness of his or her performance.3. Explain the difference between management and leadership.The manager does things right the leader does the right thing. The manager relies on control the leader inspires trust. The manager focuses on systems and structures the leader focuses on pe ople. The manager administers the leader innovates.The manager asks how and when the leader asks what and why. The manager accepts the status quo the leader challenges it.4. What are the obstacles that the supervisor may encounter when trying to gain cooperation by coordinating the departments various activities? maturation and maintaining the problem control processReviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of the problem control process Producing management learning Allocating resources for the support effort Monitoring the effectiveness of error control and making recommendations for improving it Developing and maintaining problem and error control systems Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of proactive Problem Management activities. 5. Discuss why the supervisor should not attempt to ignore or circumvent the labor agreement, even if it seems like the right thing to do. As members of management, supervisors have the right and duty to make decisions. A labor agreement do es not recognise away that right.However it does give the union a right to challenge a supervisors decision that the union believes to be a violation of the labor agreement. For example, virtually all labor agreements set that management has the right to discipline and discharge for just (or proper) cause. The supervisor who follows just cause sample for disciplinary action requiring tests of fairness and elements of normal due process, such as proper notification, investigation, sufficient evidence, and a penalty commensurate with the nature of the infraction.